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Dynamical Modeling of Galaxies and Supermassive Black Holes: Axisymmetry in Triaxial Schwarzschild Orbit Superposition Models

  • Authors: Matthew E. Quenneville, Christopher M. Liepold, and Chung-Pei Ma

2021 The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 254 25.

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 1.

Two examples of the initial orbit locations in the xz start space. Two nearly axisymmetric models for massive elliptical galaxy NGC 1453 are shown: (left) triaxiality parameter T = 0.002, (luminosity weighted) axis ratio p = 0.9997, and viewing angles (θ, ϕ, ψ) = (89°, 45°, 90.°001); (right) T = 0.05, p = 0.993, and (θ, ϕ, ψ) = (89°, 45°, 90.°026). Both models have the best-fit MBH, mass-to-light ratio, and dark matter halo from Liepold et al. (2020) and assume the orbital sampling parameters (NΘ, NR, NDither) = (9, 9, 3) (see Section 3.2). In each panel, one energy is shown, where the energy is chosen such that the potential is dominated by the stellar mass. Each symbol represents the initial location for a single trajectory, which is bundled with adjacent trajectories to form one dithered orbit. The long-axis tubes (red crosses) are all contained within the angle η of the z-axis for both values of T, where η and T are related by Equation (2). In general, more triaxial potentials contain a larger fraction of long-axis tubes in the xz start space.

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