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Impact Vaporization and Ionization of Na and Ca at Mercury

Authors: Rosemary M. Killen, Petr Pokorny, Ronald J. Vervack, Matthew H. Burger

Rosemary M. Killen et al 2026 The Planetary Science Journal 7 .

Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 4.

Fraction of Ca ejecta in a neutral state (red) and the fraction ionized (blue) as a function of impact velocity (km s⁻¹). Vaporized calcium is fully ionized for v > 90 km s⁻¹.

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