Summary of different photometric models (top) and images of Europa at 1.65 μm with the photometric correction applied (bottom). The subsolar point is marked by the blue circle, the subobserver point is marked by the yellow cross, and the outline of the modeled disk is given by the large yellow circle. This Europa observation has a solar phase angle of 9.7°, and the final photometric model (panel (d)) combines the Oren−Nayar model (with surface roughness σ = 33°) and a diffraction model (with r _airy = 10 pixels).