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SOLACE: A Contrastive Learning Framework for Predicting Solar Proton Events and Geomagnetic Storms from Flare–Coronal Mass Ejection Events

  • Authors: Shuainan Yan, Yenan Zou, Liqin Shi, Yanmei Cui, Bingxian Luo, Enxv Dong, Yanxia Cai

Shuainan Yan et al 2026 The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 287 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 2.

The overview of the SOLACE framework. (a) The overall architecture of the model. (b) The cross-gate fusion module, which captures bidirectional conditional dependencies between flare and CME representations. (c) The AFM interaction module, which explicitly models second-order interactions among input features. (d) The supervised contrastive learning module for learning discriminative event embeddings.

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