Image Details
Caption: Figure 4.
The same as Figure 2, but zooming into 50 < x/(c/ωpe) < 350 and the magnetic field is Lorentz-transformed to the upstream rest frame, where V0 is the bulk velocity of the upstream plasma in the simulation frame, and ﹩{B}_{z}^{\prime} ={B}_{z}﹩ is conserved. All quantities are smoothed in 1 c/ωpe, and the color range is tuned to make the upstream structure clear. Note that the magnetic field in the low-density region is saturated.
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.