Image Details
Caption: Figure B2.
Similar to Figure 1, but for different ζ values rather than Z. In the left panels, solid, dashed, and dotted lines represent the models with ζ = 10−17, 10−16, and 10−15 s−1, respectively. In all the models, Z is set to unity.
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.