Limits on the DM particle mass, m, versus the comoving wavenumber of field modes that dominate the DM density, k_*, based on DES and PS1 MW satellite observations (solid blue line; the shaded region is excluded). The dotted line shows an extrapolation of the m ∼ k_* scaling to lower k_* as a visual guide; for k_* < 10⁴ Mpc⁻¹, the scaling of our mass bound steepens to ﹩m\sim {k}_{* }^{2}﹩ (see the main text for details). Gray curves show representative theoretical relationships between m and k_* motivated by the production mechanisms discussed at the end of Section 3.