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Solar Orbiter Solar Energetic Particle Dropout during a Magnetic Cloud with Evidence for Strong Connectivity Gradients

  • Authors: Radoslav Bučík, Raúl Gómez-Herrero, Samuel T. Hart, Maher A. Dayeh, Nariaki V. Nitta

Radoslav Bučík et al 2026 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 1006 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 3.

PFSS photospheric maps at 2022 December 24 06:00 UT. Top: the radial magnetic field, scaled to ±30 G. Bottom: a QSL-proxy map (Section 5.2), where brighter pixels indicate stronger connectivity gradients. Yellow curves indicate a subset of traced closed field lines. Symbols mark photospheric footpoints of open field lines traced from a uniform photospheric seed grid and classified by the latitude of their source-surface endpoint: open-to-ecliptic (∣λSS∣≤7°; green × symbols) and open-to-other source-surface latitudes (cyan + symbols). Both symbol types denote positive polarity. The blue diamond marks the Solar Orbiter (SO) photospheric footpoint and blue squares mark ±10° Parker-spiral longitude offset footpoints (SO−10, SO+10). The red crosshair intersects at the EUV jet-base center.

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