Image Details
Caption: Figure 3.
Ludendorff coronal flattening parameter for DEB sites. The DEB summed HDR images from all sites are used to compute the Ludendorff coronal flattening parameter as shown in the top panel. There is a high level of agreement among all the sites, and the Ludendorff index at 2.0 solar radii is computed to be 0.0761 ± 0.0007. The line segment clearly results in the wrong index value and represents the extrapolation method used by some authors, as discussed in the main text. We also fit ellipses to the intensity isophotes and show the ellipticity and solar position angle of the semimajor axis in the second and third panels. These two parameters behave more smoothly at low coronal heights, and a linear extrapolation from lower heights would provide accurate measures at 2.0 solar radii. We suggest that these parameters would better characterize the coronal structure.
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.