Image Details
Caption: Figure 5.
Energy dependence of the 10 s accumulated electron precipitation fraction ﹩{N}_{{\rm{pre}}}/{N}_{E}﹩ in positive and negative polarities under different scattering regimes (﹩{D}_{\mu \mu 0}^{t}=0﹩, 0.01, 0.5, and 5 s−1), with Coulomb collisions neglected in upper panels (a)–(b) and included in lower panels (c)–(d).
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.