Image Details
Caption: Figure 4.
The spin-up parameter s (Equation (9)) as a function of BH spin a*. Fiducial runs without initial gas angular momentum are shown in gray scale. Blue and red open circles represent runs with initially co- and counterrotating gas, respectively, and agree well with the equivalent fiducial runs without rotation. RN22 ’s small-scale GRMHD simulations are shown as dotted lines for prograde (blue) and retrograde (red) motion. Multizone simulations limited to much shorter durations from H. Cho et al. (2025), shown as stars, agree better with the RN22 curves.
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.