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Gravitational-wave Observations Suggest Most Black Hole Mergers Form in Triples

  • Authors: Jakob Stegmann, Fabio Antonini, Aleksandra Olejak, Sylvia Biscoveanu, Vivien Raymond, Stefano Rinaldi, Elizabeth Flanagan

Jakob Stegmann et al 2026 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 1000 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 9.

Aligned + Isotropic + Cut model for different lower bounds on ﹩\cos {\theta }_{i}﹩ of the aligned component, i.e., ﹩{{ \mathcal N }}_{[{t}_{{\rm{\min }}},1]}(\cos {\theta }_{i}| {\mu }_{t}=1,{\sigma }_{t})﹩ in Equation (2) with ﹩{t}_{{\rm{\min }}}=-1.0,-0.9,-0.8,\ldots ,0.9﹩. The left panel shows the marginal posterior distribution of the contribution ξ of the low-mass aligned component (whereas 1 − ξ corresponds to the low-mass isotropic component). The right panel shows the strength of evidence against each aligned model compared to our default Gaussian + Isotropic + Cut model, which allows but does not enforce preferentially aligned mergers. Nomenclature follows R. E. Kass & A. E. Raftery (1995).

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