Mass estimates for heavy NSs. The dashed curves show the two heaviest WD–pulsar binaries with masses measured from radio pulse timing (supplemented by WD atmosphere modeling for J0348). The solid curves show the best mass estimates from companion spectroscopy and light-curve fitting for four BWs (J1810, J1653, J1311, and J0952) and one RB (J2215). The bottom panel shows the normalized Ln(Likelihood) for various combinations of these measurements, assuming a flat distribution of masses from 1.8 M _⊙ up to some ﹩{M}_{\max }﹩. The inset legend gives the median estimator for ﹩{M}_{\max }﹩ as well as the 1σ, 2σ, and 3σ lower bounds on its value, for various data subsets.