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A Tip of the Red Giant Branch Distance of 22.1 ± 1.2 Mpc to the Dark Matter Deficient Galaxy NGC 1052–DF2 from 40 Orbits of Hubble Space Telescope Imaging

  • Authors: Zili Shen, Shany Danieli, Pieter van Dokkum, Roberto Abraham, Jean P. Brodie, Charlie Conroy, Andrew E. Dolphin, Aaron J. Romanowsky, J. M. Diederik Kruijssen, and Dhruba Dutta Chowdhury

2021 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 914 L12.

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 5.

Top panel: Dragonfly r-band image of the NGC 1052 field. Bottom row: four possible arrangements of NGC 1052–DF2, NGC 1052–DF4, NGC 1052, and NGC 1035. The fiducial panel shows the measured radial and projected distances of the four galaxies. The radial distances of NGC 1052–DF2 and NGC 1052–DF4 in other panels move within 1.5σ error. The second panel shows that NGC 1052–DF2 could be within range of EFE in MOND, but NGC 1052–DF4 would be outside due to their relative distance of 2.1 Mpc. The third panel is most consistent with MOND, where NGC 1052–DF2 and NGC 1052–DF4 are each within the EFE radius of a massive galaxy, but NGC 1035 is 1.3σ away from its fiducial distance. The rightmost panel shows a scenario where NGC 1052–DF2 and NGC 1052–DF4 are equidistant from NGC 1052, possibly resulting from a high-speed encounter.

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