Constraints set on the minidisk model for BBHs. The color scale measures the peak radio (3 GHz) afterglow luminosity of a top-hat jet observed on edge (θ_obs = 10°) as a function of n_ISM and E_iso (we leave the other model parameters unchanged; see Section 4). The vertical line indicates the isotropic-equivalent energy for a GRB at the distance of GW241125 with γ-ray fluence as measured by the Swift/GUANO for the candidate GRB counterpart to GW241125. The dashed line marks the constraints derived using our VLA observations of the GUANO field, namely, events with n_ISM and E_iso in the region to the right of the dashed line would have a radio luminosity density at 5 days since the GW trigger (E1) in excess to the 5σ sensitivity of our 3 GHz VLA observations. A similar contour is also plotted for VLA constraints obtained at 18 days since the GW trigger (E2).