Image Details
Caption: Figure 1.
Electron-antineutrino luminosities and their average energy are shown as a function of time before core collapse (horizontal axis). Oxygen- and silicon-shell burning produces peaks around −105 and −104 s before core collapse, respectively. The pre-SN neutrino light-curve models are summarized in Table 1.
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.