A sample of EoSs, colored according to the likelihood functions derived from various individual X-ray and gravitational-wave observations. NICER J0437 corresponds to the simultaneous mass–radius measurement of PSR J0437-4715 from D. Choudhury et al. (2024), NICER J0614 to that of PSR J0614-3329 from L. Mauviard et al. (2025), NICER J0740 to that of PSR J0740+6620 from A. J. Dittmann et al. (2024), and GW170817 to the gravitational-wave observations reported in B. P. Abbott et al. (2019). The prior used here is the hierarchical model discussed in Section 4. The contours in the lowest panel represent the 68% credible regions of the corresponding NICER observations.