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Dynamical Evolution and the Missing Mass Problem in 44 Galactic Open Clusters: Machine Learning Membership and Maximum Likelihood Kinematics using Gaia DR3

  • Authors: Ahmed I. Abdalla

Ahmed I. Abdalla 2026 The Astronomical Journal 172 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 3.

Left panel: apparent virial ratio (Qobs) vs. Galactocentric distance (RGC). Right panel: virial ratio vs. absolute vertical height from the Galactic midplane (∣Z∣). The systematic trends illustrate the injection of kinetic energy and subsequent dynamical heating driven by varying degrees of tidal stripping and disk shocking.

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