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Dynamical Evolution and the Missing Mass Problem in 44 Galactic Open Clusters: Machine Learning Membership and Maximum Likelihood Kinematics using Gaia DR3

  • Authors: Ahmed I. Abdalla

Ahmed I. Abdalla 2026 The Astronomical Journal 172 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 1.

Flowchart illustrating the data acquisition, purification, and the hybrid HDBSCAN+GMM membership determination pipeline.

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