Panel (a)–(c): vertical velocity dispersions (σ_W) of hot-Jupiter hosts from three ground-based transit surveys (WASP, HATNet, and HATSouth) in the updated HS19 sample with d  <  600 pc vs. those of matched field-star samples. The legends are the same as those in Figure 3. Panel (d): cumulative distribution functions of host-star distances for the three hot-Jupiter samples shown in panels (a)–(c).