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Exoplanet Synchronization in the Habitable Zone: Learning from Venus’ Retrograde Rotation

  • Authors: Sylvio Ferraz-Mello

Sylvio Ferraz-Mello 2026 The Astronomical Journal 171 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 4.

Phase diagram ﹩\dot{{\rm{\Omega }}}({\rm{\Omega }})﹩ resulting from the composition (red) of the tidal (solid black) and atmospheric (dashed) torques. The intersections of the red curve with the axis ﹩\dot{{\rm{\Omega }}}=0﹩ (brown) are the stationary solutions: The unstable synchronous solution ﹩{\mathsf{S}}﹩ and two stable asynchronous solutions ﹩{\mathsf{P}}﹩ and ﹩{{\mathsf{P}}}^{{\prime} }﹩, one prograde and one retrograde. The adopted factors γ and ﹩{\gamma }^{{\prime} }﹩ were exaggerated to improve the visibility of the plot’s main features.

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