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Optimizing Structural Parameters and Layout of Fiber Positioners with the Whale Optimization Algorithm for LAMOST

Authors: Zengxiang Zhou, Jiahao Zhou, Baolong Chen, Jianping Wang, Zhigang Liu, Hongzhuan Hu, Feifan Zhang

Zengxiang Zhou et al 2026 The Astronomical Journal 171 .

Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 14.

Schematic representation of the fitness evolution during optimization. The horizontal axis represents the number of iterations or generations, while the vertical axis indicates the fitness value.

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