Image Details
Caption: Figure 12.
Age–radius diagram using MESA (upper panel) and Gas Giant Model for Interiors (GASTLI; lower panel) models with the position of TOI-1232 b shown in black. Overplotted are three different models with a fixed envelope metallicity (Z = 0.023), and varying core masses.
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.