The impact of clouds on lava planet surface temperature. The first column is the condensation rate. We zoom in on θ where condensation occurs. We impose the factors f _c onto the condensation rate to create the optical depth plots shown in the second column, and the opacity is plotted in the third column. The final column is the surface temperature below the cloud deck. Clouds cool the surface significantly (up to 200 K), but the changes in atmospheric temperature are an order of magnitude smaller.