Temporal history of a typical ³He⁺² test particle. (a) Kinetic energy in keV amu⁻¹ of an initially thermal ³He ion (100 eV amu⁻¹) vs. time in units of ﹩10^{4}\Omega ^{-1}_{\mathrm{H}\,}﹩. (b) Distance traveled by the particle along the background magnetic field B₀. (c) Perpendicular and (d) parallel momentum of the particle vs. time.