Cooling curves for stars with medium FP EOSs. Surface photon luminosity that corresponds to surface temperature (both to be observed at infinity) is shown as a function of age. Solid curve: Standard cooling of a 1.2 ﹩M_{\odot }﹩ NS with the Takatsuka (1972) superfluid model. Dashed curve: Nonstandard pion cooling of a 1.4 ﹩M_{\odot }﹩ star with the E1‐0.8 superfluid model. (See text for definitions and further details.) Vertical bars: Confirmed surface temperature detection with error bars, for (1) RX J0822−4300, (2) the Vela pulsar, (3) PSR 0656+14, (4) Geminga, (5) RX J1856−3754, and (6) PSR 1055−52. Downward arrows: Temperature upper limits for (a) Cas A point source, (b) Crab pulsar, (c) PSR J0205+6449, (d) PSR 1509−58, (e) PSR 1706−44, (f) PSR 1823−13, (g) PSR 2334+61, (h) PSR 1951+32, (i) PSR 0355+54, and (j) PSR 1929+10. References are (1) Zavlin et al. (1999), (2) Pavlov et al. (2001), (3) V. E. Zavlin et al. (2002b, in preparation), (4) Halpern & Wang 1997, (5) V. E. Zavlin et al. (2002a, in preparation) and Walter & Lattimer (2002), (6) Pavlov et al. (2002), (a) Pavlov et al. (2000), and (c) Slane et al. (2002). The rest are taken from Becker (1995). In spite of possible positive detections, sources 1E 1027.4−5209, RX J0002+62, and RX J0720.4−3125 are not shown in the figure because currently there are still some uncertainties, including the age estimate.