Sample outputs from the tutorial on designing a pointing pattern in the manual of Gnuastro 0.21. Left: the exposure map of a “+”-shaped pointing (offset) pattern with 5 exposures. Center: the stack of pure noise after applying the same pointing list as the left image. Right: exposure map of same dither pattern as the left image, but with trimming of the outer pixels in each exposure (this usually happens due to vignetting). The color map used shows the largest values as white/red and the smallest values as black/blue.