Weighted mean-squared-difference (wMSD) as a function of time using different driving cadences, with Δt = 1, 5, 20, 50, and 100δt for the blue, green, brown, violet, and yellow lines, respectively. (a) wMSD calculated in the driving boundary layer, i.e., cell k = 100 (k = 0) in the GT (Data-Driven) simulation. (b) Zoom-in near the middle of the simulation. (c) Same as (a) but 15 cells higher into the simulation (i.e., in the plane shown in Figure 7). (d) Zoom-in shortly after the spheromak edge reaches the k = 15 layer in the Data-Driven simulation.