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A Revised Parallel-sequence Morphological Classification of Galaxies: Structure and Formation of S0 and Spheroidal Galaxies

  • Authors: John Kormendy and Ralf Bender

Kormendy & Bender 2012 The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 198 2.

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 10.

Top: color images of VCC 2048 constructed from the Hubble Space Telescope ( HST) ACS g image (blue), the mean of the g and z images (green), and the z image (red). Different brightness "stretches" emphasize the embedded disk and nucleus (left), the disk (center), and the outer envelope (right). VCC 2048 is classified as an edge-on S0 by Binggeli et al. (1985) and Ferrarese et al. (2006). It clearly has an edge-on disk embedded in an ellipsoidal halo. Bottom: false-color images of VCC 2048 as observed (left) and after subtraction of the model, almost-edge-on ( i sime 81°) disk that renders the residual isophotes as nearly elliptical as possible. This remnant envelope proves to have structural parameters characteristic of an Sph galaxy, not a bulge (Figure  12). VCC 2048 is therefore not an S0 galaxy but rather is an Sph,N galaxy with an embedded disk.

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