Image Details
Caption: Figure 2.
Evolution of the quadruple-star progenitor. Each row is the same as Figure 1 except this models the Be star progenitor binary (binary B). The upper panels treat the B+B binary as a single point mass with MA = 25 M⊙. The lower panels model a quadruple-star system. The initial eccentricity of the Be star progenitor binary is eB = 0.02, ωB = 90∘, and aB = 0.6 au initially. The initial inclination of the B+B binary is iA = 20∘, and the eccentricity is eA = 0.02. In the left panels, the initial inclination of the Be star progenitor binary is iB = 70∘. The green shaded regions in the lower right panels show the approximate range where the minimum periastron separation of the Be star progenitor binary becomes small enough for the system to be a merger candidate, rp,B < 3(RBa + RBb) = 0.14 au.
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.