Image Details
Caption: Figure 4.
Dependence of the z = 0 total, central, and wandering BHOFs on galaxy environment and star formation state. We compare primary and satellite galaxies, each divided into star-forming and quiescent populations using sSFR = 10−10 yr−1 as the threshold. The z = 0 full-population BHOFs are shown for reference. Primary galaxies generally have higher BHOFs than satellites, consistent with preferential BH seeding and accumulation in the densest regions of halos. At low stellar masses, quiescent galaxies have higher central BHOFs and lower wandering BHOFs than star-forming galaxies, suggesting that the location of the BH within the host is correlated with the galaxy’s star formation state.
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.