Changes (cycle 24 subtracted) in dimensionless radial gradient of rotation rate, ﹩\delta ({\rm{\partial }}\,{\rm{log}}\,{\rm{\Omega }}/{\rm{\partial }}\,{\rm{log}}\,r)﹩, from HMI global helioseismic rotation inversions (top panels) and those in the meridional flow, δU_θ (middle and bottom panels from HMI and GONG, respectively) as a function of latitude and time at 0.99 R_⊙ (left) and at 0.95 R_⊙ (right). Sunspot locations are overplotted as black dots. The two vertical dashed lines mark the cycle 24 maximum (2014) and minimum (2020).