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Discovery and Characterization of the TOI-4468 Planetary System: A Transiting Hot Jupiter with a Lone Nearby Outer Companion

  • Authors: Joseph R. Livesey, Benjamin J. Hord, Juliette Becker, Andrew Vanderburg, Joseph E. Rodriguez, Elise Koo, Chelsea X. Huang, Guðmundur Stefánsson, Karen A. Collins, Ivan A. Strakhov, Zijun He, Maxwell A. Kroft, Robert Aloisi, Khalid Barkaoui, Fabian Rodriguez Frustaglia, Alyssa Jankowski, Kinga Kasprzyk, Judith Korth, Coleman Nelson, Hannu Parviainen, Adam Popowicz, Manfred Raetz, Richard P. Schwarz, Eva Stafne, Keivan G. Stassun, Thomas G. Beatty, Paul Foster, Thomas MacLean, Devansh Mathur, Lizhou Sha, Melinda Soares-Furtado

Joseph R. Livesey et al 2026 The Astronomical Journal 172 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 8.

Estimated temporal evolution of TOI-4468’s J2 for a range of initial rotation periods, 0.1 < Prot < 10 days. The necessary J2 to achieve a secular resonance between planets b and c is highlighted. The case with an initial rotation period of 1 day is traced by the black curve. J2 may reach the resonant value for initial rotation periods significantly shorter than 1 day. It is therefore unlikely, but not impossible, that this resonance was ever crossed in the system’s history. The kink at 108 years is due to k2 becoming constant as the star’s interior becomes fully radiation dominated. At ages >1 Gyr, k2 and Ωb are roughly constant, so J2 ∝ t−1 per the braking law of A. Skumanich (1972).

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