Comparison of international camera designs for similar spectrographs. Left: the PFS (Subaru) NIR camera employs a Mangin–Schmidt design, comprising a double-Schmidt corrector, two spherical camera mirrors, and an aspheric field lens. Right: the DESI NIR camera uses an all-refractive design with five lenses, including a triplet group; two aspheric surfaces are located on the front of the first and the last lens, respectively. The design in this work is also refractive, akin to DESI, but was independently optimized for the LAMOST interface parameters.