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The POKEMON Speckle Survey of Nearby M Dwarfs. III. The Stellar Multiplicity Rate of M Dwarfs within 15 pc

  • Authors: Catherine A. Clark, Gerard T. van Belle, Elliott P. Horch, David R. Ciardi, Kaspar von Braun, Brian A. Skiff, Jennifer G. Winters, Michael B. Lund, Mark E. Everett, Zachary D. Hartman, Joe Llama

Catherine A. Clark et al 2024 The Astronomical Journal 167 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 5.

Projected separation distributions for various populations of M-dwarf multiples. The histogram shows the distribution of projected separations for the targets in the 15 pc POKEMON sample that are known to be multiple, separated by planet-hosting (orange) and non–planet-hosting (white) status. The dotted, black line is a Gaussian fit to the projected separations of the non–planet-hosting POKEMON multiples, with a peak at 5.57 au (﹩{\sigma }_{\mathrm{log}a}=1.3﹩, ﹩{\mathrm{SE}}_{\mathrm{log}a}=0.11﹩). The dashed, orange line is a Gaussian fit to the projected separations of the planet-hosting POKEMON multiples, with a peak at 198 au (﹩{\sigma }_{\mathrm{log}a}=0.77﹩, ﹩{\mathrm{SE}}_{\mathrm{log}a}=0.32﹩). The solid, yellow line is a Gaussian fit to the projected separations of the M-dwarf TOIs from Clark et al. (2022a), with a peak at 735 au (﹩{\sigma }_{\mathrm{log}a}=0.83﹩, ﹩{\mathrm{SE}}_{\mathrm{log}a}=0.25﹩). We note that we use Gaussian fits to compare our distribution of projected separations with other studies of multiplicity (e.g., Raghavan et al. 2010; Winters et al. 2019a); we do not use this to indicate that the distribution of stellar multiples is Gaussian, but rather to show that the peaks of the distributions are shifted. The two planet-hosting distributions have peaks at relatively consistent values, whereas the peaks of the planet-hosting and non–planet-hosting distributions differ by more than an order of magnitude. This result indicates that the presence of a stellar companion impacts the formation and long-term stability of any planets in the system.

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