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Puzzling Variation of Gamma Rays from the Sun over the Solar Cycle Revealed with Fermi-LAT

  • Authors: A. Acharyya, A. Adelfio, M. Ajello, L. Baldini, C. Bartolini, D. Bastieri, J. Becerra Gonzalez, R. Bellazzini, B. Berenji, E. Bissaldi, R. D. Blandford, R. Bonino, E. Bottacini, S. Buson, R. A. Cameron, P. A. Caraveo, F. Casaburo, F. Casini, E. Cavazzuti, D. Cerasole, N. Cibrario, S. Ciprini, G. Cozzolongo, P. Cristarella Orestano, F. Cuna, A. Cuoco, S. Cutini, F. D'Ammando, D. Depalo, S. W. Digel, N. Di Lalla, L. Di Venere, A. Domínguez, A. Fiori, Y. Fukazawa, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, C. Gasbarra, D. Gasparrini, S. Germani, F. Giacchino, N. Giglietto, M. Giliberti, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, S. Guiriec, R. Gupta, M. Hashizume, E. Hays, J. W. Hewitt, A. Holzmann Airasca, D. Horan, X. Hou, T. Kayanoki, M. Kuss, S. Larsson, A. Laviron, J. Li, A. Liguori, I. Liodakis, P. Loizzo, F. Longo, F. Loparco, S. López Pérez, L. Lorusso, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, S. Maldera, A. Manfreda, G. Martí-Devesa, R. Martinelli, M. N. Mazziotta, J. E. McEnery, I. Mereu, M. Michailidis, P. F. Michelson, N. Mirabal, T. Mizuno, P. Monti-Guarnieri, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, M. Negro, N. Omodei, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, D. Paneque, G. Panzarini, M. Persic, M. Pesce-Rollins, V. Petrosian, R. Pillera, G. Principe, S. Rainò, R. Rando, B. Rani, M. Razzano, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, M. Sánchez-Conde, P. M. Saz Parkinson, D. Serini, C. Sgrò, E. J. Siskind, P. Spinelli, D. Tak, L. Tibaldo, D. F. Torres, J. Valverde, Z. Wadiasingh, W. Zhang

A. Acharyya et al 2025 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 989 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 2.

Panel (a): percentage of the flux variation of the solar extended component above 250 MeV, 500 MeV, and 1 GeV vs. time. For normalization, the average flux values used are 30.00, 13.99, and 5.95 (× 10−8 cm−2 s−1), respectively. The gray region defines systematic uncertainties. Panel (b): flux variation of the solar extended component above 1 GeV compared with the SSN. Panel (c): flux variation of the solar extended component above 1 GeV compared with the CR electron flux at 1.00–1.71 GV (M. Aguilar et al. 2023). Panel (d): flux variation of the solar extended component above 1 GeV compared with the flux variation of the disk component above 1 GeV.

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