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Puzzling Variation of Gamma Rays from the Sun over the Solar Cycle Revealed with Fermi-LAT

  • Authors: A. Acharyya, A. Adelfio, M. Ajello, L. Baldini, C. Bartolini, D. Bastieri, J. Becerra Gonzalez, R. Bellazzini, B. Berenji, E. Bissaldi, R. D. Blandford, R. Bonino, E. Bottacini, S. Buson, R. A. Cameron, P. A. Caraveo, F. Casaburo, F. Casini, E. Cavazzuti, D. Cerasole, N. Cibrario, S. Ciprini, G. Cozzolongo, P. Cristarella Orestano, F. Cuna, A. Cuoco, S. Cutini, F. D'Ammando, D. Depalo, S. W. Digel, N. Di Lalla, L. Di Venere, A. Domínguez, A. Fiori, Y. Fukazawa, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, C. Gasbarra, D. Gasparrini, S. Germani, F. Giacchino, N. Giglietto, M. Giliberti, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, S. Guiriec, R. Gupta, M. Hashizume, E. Hays, J. W. Hewitt, A. Holzmann Airasca, D. Horan, X. Hou, T. Kayanoki, M. Kuss, S. Larsson, A. Laviron, J. Li, A. Liguori, I. Liodakis, P. Loizzo, F. Longo, F. Loparco, S. López Pérez, L. Lorusso, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, S. Maldera, A. Manfreda, G. Martí-Devesa, R. Martinelli, M. N. Mazziotta, J. E. McEnery, I. Mereu, M. Michailidis, P. F. Michelson, N. Mirabal, T. Mizuno, P. Monti-Guarnieri, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, M. Negro, N. Omodei, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, D. Paneque, G. Panzarini, M. Persic, M. Pesce-Rollins, V. Petrosian, R. Pillera, G. Principe, S. Rainò, R. Rando, B. Rani, M. Razzano, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, M. Sánchez-Conde, P. M. Saz Parkinson, D. Serini, C. Sgrò, E. J. Siskind, P. Spinelli, D. Tak, L. Tibaldo, D. F. Torres, J. Valverde, Z. Wadiasingh, W. Zhang

A. Acharyya et al 2025 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 989 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 1.

Panel (a): percentage of the flux variation of the solar disk component above 25 MeV, 500 MeV, and 1 GeV vs. time in years. For normalization, the average flux values used are 9.15, 4.69, and 2.23 (× 10−8 cm−2 s−1), respectively. The gray regions define systematic uncertainties. Panel (b): flux variation in time of the solar disk component above 1 GeV compared with the SSN. Panel (c): flux variation in time of the solar disk component above 1 GeV compared with the CR proton flux at 2.14–2.4 GV (M. Aguilar et al. 2021). Panel (d): flux variation in time of the solar disk component above 1 GeV compared with the Moon’s flux above 56 MeV (M. Ackermann et al. 2016).

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