(a) Vertical velocity and (b) volume rendering of downflows at the periphery and from depths ﹩z/d=(0.98,0,63,0.13,-0.13)﹩ corresponding to a near-surface layer, and the middles of BZ, DZ, and OZ, respectively, in Run K. Tildes refer to normalization with ﹩{\tilde{u}}_{z}={u}_{z}/\sqrt{{gd}}﹩. (c) Filling factor of downflows (dashed–dotted lines), a proxy filling factor for IDPs (solid), IGLs (dashed, only occurring at ﹩z/d\gtrsim 0.0﹩) and their sum (dotted), (d) average widths of IDPs and IGLs with the standard deviations from the temporal evolution (shaded areas), and (e) their numbers as functions of z from Runs K (black), P (blue), and S (red).