The yearly median FIP bias of FCs and NFCs (top panel) and FIP bias histograms for FCs and NFCs during different phases of solar cycles 23 (middle panel) and 24 (bottom panel). The SSNs are denoted by black lines on the top panel, and the red, blue, and green represent FCs, NFCs, and solar wind, respectively. The solid vertical lines in panels (b1)–(b4) and (c1)–(c4) denote the median FIP bias, and the dotted vertical lines represent lower and upper quartiles.