Black circles and error bars are from the HST observations (de Wit et al. 2018) in all plots. Solid lines are model output atmospheres of solar composition with no clouds, dashed lines are for solar composition atmospheres with a cloud at high altitude, and dash–dot lines are model outputs for metallicity-enhanced atmospheres with a cloud layer at the tropopause. All cases are labeled with statistical significance. We have chosen, in cases where multiple cases are statistically significant to the same confidence level, to show the higher metallicity value. Metal-rich atmospheres offer 1σ agreement to the data for planets d, e, and f. High-altitude clouds are required with planet d observations to both 1σ and 3σ, but high clouds are only needed for planets e and f within the 1σ uncertainty bound.