Mass–period diagram for the population of known exoplanets. Transiting planets with precise mass measurements—obtained using either the transit timing or the radial velocity technique—are shown as solid black circles. Non-transiting planets with measured ﹩M\sin (i)﹩ are shown as transparent squares, and planets with masses obtained from the mass–radius relationship are shown in transparent dots. Planets with masses calculated in this paper are shown as yellow dots with red circles. Planets with transit timing-determined masses are from Hadden & Lithwick (2017), and other planets are from exoplanets.org.