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Formation of Close-in Super-Earths by Giant Impacts: Effects of Initial Eccentricities and Inclinations of Protoplanets

  • Authors: Yuji Matsumoto and Eiichiro Kokubo

2017 The Astronomical Journal 154 27.

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 9.

Same as Figure 4, but as a function of the initial inclination dispersion of protoplanets (﹩\langle {i}_{\mathrm{ini}}^{2}{\rangle }^{1/2}﹩). The cross symbols are the results of model N32. The initial eccentricity dispersions are ﹩\langle {e}_{\mathrm{ini}}^{2}{\rangle }^{1/2}={10}^{-1.5}﹩ rad (red circles), and ﹩\langle {e}_{\mathrm{ini}}^{2}{\rangle }^{1/2}={10}^{-3}﹩ rad (blue triangles). The dotted lines are the best-fit eccentricity (e = 0.049) and the mode of the mutual inclination (0.017 rad < i < 0.039 rad) of the Kepler planets (Fabrycky et al. 2014; Hadden & Lithwick 2014; Van Eylen & Albrecht 2015). The solid and dashed lines are the fits by the least-squares-fit method for models N16 and N8 using Equation (4). The coefficients are summarized in Table 3.

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